ASCORBIC ACID IN PLANTS: METABOLISM AND FUNCTIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31812/eco-bulletin-krd.v6i0.4556Keywords:
ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid, 2,3-diketogulonic acid, antioxidants, biosynthesis, degradation, enzymes, oxidative stressAbstract
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is the most common water-soluble
antioxidant in plants. Several possible pathways of vitamin C biosynthesis in
plants in contrast to the only pathway of biosynthesis in animals have been
described. With the exception of the last stage, which takes place on the inner
mitochondrial membrane, ascorbate biosynthesis in plants occurs in the cytosol.
The literature data on the content of ascorbic acid in the tissues and organs
of various agricultural, cultivated and wild plants and the factors influencing
it are summarized. The peculiarities of ascorbic acid metabolism, the ratio of
ascorbatereduced and oxidized forms at different physiological states and the
ways of vitamin C degradation in plants are analyzed.
The main functions of ascorbic acid in plant organisms are considered.
Including evidence of its participation as a cofactor in the synthesis of
hydroxyproline-richproteins of cell wall, its role in controlling cell division and
growth by elongation, protection against reactive oxygen species and oxidative
stress, photooxidation and regeneration of secondary antioxidants such as
α-tocopherol as well as functioning as a coenzyme in various physiological
and biochemical processes in plants.
However, the functions of this vitaminand the pathways of its biosynthesis
still need to be clarified. The content of ascorbic acid in plants is determined
by many processes that occur simultaneously, and the regulation of its
accumulation requires their coordinated work. This occurs not only during
the normal functioning of plants, but also under stressful conditions, which
are usually accompanied by increased biosynthesis and the use of ascorbate.
At the same time, for a comprehensive assessment of the role of ascorbic
acid in plant metabolism, it is necessary to simultaneously study the entire
ascorbate system, including dehydroascorbic, 2,3-diketogulonic acid, which is
formed during irreversible transformation due to rupture of the lactone ring
the above compounds. Such approaches to vitamin C research are promising.
Knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of metabolic processes in general, and
in particular the regulation of biosynthesis of physiologically active compounds,
such as ascorbic acid, is relevant for plant physiology in connection with
the prospect of biotechnological use of plant objects to obtain important
metabolites.
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