Психофізична взаємодія, фізична причинність та природа субстанцій у філософії Декарта

Dmytro Sepetyi

doi:10.31812/apm.7624

Authors

Dmytro Sepetyi Запорізький державний медичний університет

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31812/apm.7624

Keywords:

Descartes, mind, body, attribute, substance, dualism

Abstract

The article discusses the problem of the compatibility of Descartes’s doctrine of interactionist substance dualism with his claims about the law of the conservation of the quantity of motion, about the way God maintains the world in existence, and about minds and bodies having only properties that are modes of thinking or extension respectively. The case is made that although there seem to be prima facie conflicts, they can be neutralised as merely apparent. The position that mental states cause some motions in the brain is consistent with Descartes’s postulation of the existence of the law of conservation of the quantity of motion, insofar as it derives from God’s immutability whereas souls are not immutable, as well as with the laws of conservation established by Newtonian physics, insofar as they don’t prohibit purely redistributive changes and are established only for physical interactions. Descartes’s interactionism does not conflict with his statements about the way God maintains the world in existence, if the latter are construed in the sense that God preserves motion in the world by preserving the laws of nature, and the conservation of the world by God is a continuation of the initial act of creation. The principle that all properties of a substance are modes of its main attribute agrees with substance dualism and interactionism, if we admit that Descartes’s ontology of the world includes, besides substances of two kinds with their main attributes and modes of those attributes, something more ‒ irreducible sue generis entities, such as the substantial union of body and soul and/or psychophysical laws of nature.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Abstract views: 216 / PDF downloads: 159

References

Averill E., Keating B. F. Does Interactionism Violate a Law of Classical Physics? Mind. 1981. Vol. 90 (357). P. 102-107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/XC.357.102

Bedau M. Cartesian Interaction. Midwest Studies in Philosophy. 1986. Vol. 10. P. 483-502. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4975.1987.tb00552.x

Bennett J. Learning from Six Philosophers: Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke, Berkeley, Hume. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2001.

Broughton J. Adequate Causes and Natural Change in Descartes' Philosophy // Donagan A., Perovich A. N., Jr., Wedin M. V. (Eds.) Human Nature and Natural Knowledge. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1986. P. 107-127. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5349-9_6

Broad C. D. The Mind and Its Place in Nature. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1925.

Brown D. The Metaphysics of Cartesian Persons // Reuter M., Svensson F. (Eds.) Mind, Body, and Morality: New Perspectives on Descartes and Spinoza. London, New York: Routledge, 2019. P. 17-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351202831-2

Cottingham J. Cartesian Trialism. Mind, New Series. 1985. Vol. 94(374). P. 218-230 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/XCIV.374.218

Christofidou A. Descartes: A Metaphysical Solution to the Mind-Body Relation and the Intellect’s Clear and Distinct Conception of the Union. Philosophy. 2019. Vol. 94(1). P. 87-114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031819118000323

De Rosa R. Descartes’ Causal Principle and the Case of Body-to-Mind Causation. Canadian Journal of Philosophy. Vol. 43(4). P. 438-459. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2013.847347

Descartes R. Œuvres complètes, 11 vols. (Сh. Adam, & P. Tannery, Eds.). Paris: Vrin, 1996.

Descartes R. The Philosophical Writings of Descartes. (J. Cottingham, R. Stoothoff, and D. Murdoch, Transl.). Volumes I-II. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511818998

Descartes R. The Philosophical Writings of Descartes. (J. Cottingham, R. Stoothoff, D. Murdoch, and A. Kenny, Transl.). Vol. III. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107340824

Gabbey A. Force and Inertia in the Seventeenth Century: Dcscartes and Newton // Gaukroger S. (ed.) Descartes: Philosophy, Mathematics and Physics. Sussex: Harvester Press, 1980. P. 230-320.

Garber D. Mind, Body and the Laws of Nature in Descartes and Leibniz. Midwest Studies in Philosophy. 1983. Vol. 8 (1). P 105-133. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4975.1983.tb00462.x

Garber D. Understanding Interaction: What Descartes Should Have Told Elisabeth. Southern Journal of Philosophy. 1983. Vol. 21 (S1). P. 15-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-6962.1983.tb01534.x

Garber D. How God Causes Motion: Descartes, Divine Sustenance, and Occasionalism. Journal of Philosophy. 1987. Vol. 84. P. 572. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5840/jphil1987841030

Garber D. Descartes Metaphysical Physics. Chicago, London: The University of Chicago Press, 1992.

Garber D. Séminaire Descartes. Nouvelles recherches sur le cartesianisme et la philosophie moderne. 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2017 from Mathesis. Séminaire Descartes website: https://f.hypotheses.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/1810/files/2015/03/SDGarber_Marion.pdf

Gorham G. Descartes on the Innateness of All Ideas. Canadian Journal of Philosophy. 2002. Vol. 32(3). P. 355-388. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2002.10716523

Gorham G. Descartes's Dilemma of Eminent Containment. Dialogue. 2003. Vol. 42(1). P. 3-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0012217300004182

Guéroult M. Descartes selon l’ordre des raisons. 2 vols. Paris: Aubier, 1953

Hatfield G. Force (God) in Descartes’ Physics. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science. 1979. Vol. 10. P. 113-140. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-3681(79)90013-X

Hoffman P. The Unity of Descartes’s Man. Philosophical Review. 1986. Vol. 95(3). P. 339-370. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2185464

Hoffman P. Cartesian Composites. Journal of the History of Philosophy. 1999. Vol. 32. P. 251-70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/hph.2008.0912

Hoffman P. Essays on Descartes. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.

Kaufman D. Descartes on Composites, Incomplete Substances, and Kinds of Unity. Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie. 2008. Vol. 90(1). P. 39-73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/AGPH.2008.002

Lewis C. S. Miracles: A Preliminary Study. London & Glasgow: Collins/Fontana, 1960.

Loeb L. From Descartes to Hume. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1981.

Malebranche N. Dialogues on Metaphysics and on Religion. (M. Ginsberg, Transl.) London: The Gresham Press, 1923.

Malebranche N. Entrentiens sur la Métaphisique et sur la Religion // Œuvres Completes de Malebranche, 20 vols. (A. Robinet, ed.). Tomes 12-13. Paris: Vrin, 1965.

Marion J-L. Sur la pensée passive de Descartes. Presses Universitaires de France, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/puf.mario.2013.01

McLaughlin P. Descartes on Mind-Body Interaction and the Conservation of Motion. The Philosophical Review. 1993. Vol. 102(2). P. 155-182. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2186036

Nadler S. Descartes and Occasional Causation. British Journal for the History of Philosophy. 1994. Vol. 2. P. 35-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09608789408570891

Nolan L. Cartesian Trialism on Trial: The Conceptualist Account of Descartes’ Human Being // Easton P. & Smith K. (Eds.). The Battle of the Gods and Giants Redux. Leiden, & Boston: Brill, 2015. P. 137-174. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004305922_009

O’Neill E. Mind-Body Interaction and Metaphysical Consistency: A Defense of Descartes. Journal of the History of Philosophy. 1987. Vol. 25(2). P. 227-245. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/hph.1987.0026

Popper K., Eccles J. The Self and Its Brain. Springer International, 1977. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61891-8

Radner D. Descartes’ Notion of the Union of Mind and Body. Journal of the History of Philosophy. 1971. Vol. 9(2). P. 159-170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/hph.2008.1109

Radner D. Is There a Problem of Cartesian Interaction? Journal of the History of Philosophy. 1985. Vol. 23(1). P. 35-49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/hph.1985.0012

Reppert V. Lewis’s Dangerous Idea. Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press, 2003.

Richardson R. C. The «Scandal» of Cartesian Interactionism. Mind. 1982. Vol. 91(361). P. 20-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/XCI.361.20

Richardson R. C. Union and Interaction of Body and Soul. Journal of the History of Philosophy. 1985. Vol. 23(2). P. 221-226. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/hph.1985.0038

Rozemond M. Descartes’s Dualism. Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London: Harvard University Press, 1998. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674042926

Schmaltz T. Descartes and Malebranche on Mind and Mind-Body Union. The Philosophical Review. 1992. Vol. 101. P. 281-325 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2185536

Schmaltz T. Descartes on Causation. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195327946.001.0001

Schmaltz T. Review Essay: Descartes on Forms and Mechanisms, by Helen Hattab, and Descartes’s Changing Mind, by Peter Machamer and J. E. McGuire // Oxford Studies in Early Modern Philosophy. Vol. 6. Oxford: Clanderon Press, 2012. P. 349-372. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199659593.003.0011

Sepetyi D. The Relationship between the Notions of the Substantial Union and the Interaction of Soul and Body in Descartes’ Philosophy. Sententiae. 2018. Vol. 37(1). P. 136-152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22240/sent37.01.136

Sepetyi D. The problem of mind-body interaction and the causal principle of Descartes’s Third Meditation. Sententiae. 2021. Vol. 40 (1). P. 28-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31649/sent40.01.028

Skirry J. Descartes and the Metaphysics of Human Nature. New York: Continuum, 2005.

Wilson M. The Epistemological Argument for Mind-Body Distinctness. Nous. 1976. Vol. 10(1). P. 3-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2214469

Wilson M. Descartes. London, New York: Routledge, 1978.

Wilson M. Descartes on the Origin of Sensation. Philosophical Topics. 1991. Vol. 19(1). P. 293-323. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5840/philtopics199119121

Yandell D. Did Descartes Abandon Dualism? The Nature of the Union of Mind and Body. British Journal for the History of Philosophy. 1999. Vol. 7(2). P. 199-217. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09608789908571025

Zaldivar E. Descartes’s Theory of Substance: Why He Was Not a Trialist. British Journal for the History of Philosophy. 2011. Vol. 19(3). P. 395-418. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09608788.2011.563519