Theoretical and methodological program in the context of the formation of linguistic phenomenology

Abstract

The study of language in the horizon of interdiscursiveness preserves the request for an adequate methodology, which includes classical methodological guidelines, considered from a different paradigmatic point of view. An example of such an approach is the phenomenological paradigm, its concepts, and methodological correlations. The use of phenomenological methodology demonstrates the possibility to shed light on the essential dimensions of language, in particular to investigate the problem of meaning. The purpose of the article is an attempt to demonstrate the methodological fruitfulness of the phenomenological approach in the field of language, to consider its structure, categories, and perspectives. To realize the set goal, the methodological foundation, which includes general theoretical, philosophical, linguistic, and psycholinguistic methods, has been researched. The phenomenological method was used as a basic method, which consists in "phenomenological reduction" – the separation of the essences of the semantic triad "sign-meaning-meaning"; text, context, discourse. The article uses methodological projects of classical phenomenology, represented by the teachings of E. Husserl, M. Heidegger, and, accordingly, social phenomenology of N. Luhmann, Y. Habermas, and M. Foucault. In this way, understandable language is presented not as a set of signs, but as a discursive practice that systematically forms objects.The assumption is justified, that meaning – the "phenomenon" of categorization of meaning, a phenomenon connecting subjective mental and communicative intersubjective horizons; an ontological principle related to the systems of thinking and language, which implements hermeneutic, medial, syntagmatic (understanding) functions; discourse is an incomplete semiosis, which is built on intersubjective bases and is characterized by the partial coherence values, as it is composed of a discursive set of discourses of different types. It can be assumed that the discourse, its relevant components, implement the function of meaning construction. At the same time, the meaning (text) functions in the context given by the discourse as a specific linguistic and social structure. It is possible to interpret meaning as a semantic field, a set of possible meanings determined by a related discourse.